lit devices: types of writing 2

myth: a traditional story that attempts to explain a natural phenomenon or justify a certain practice or belief of a society example: Icarus and Daedalus

narrative: an account of events; anything that is narrated

nonfiction: an account or representation of a subject which is presented as fact credit

novel: a lengthy fictional story with a plot that is revealed by the speech, action, and thoughts of the characters example: Grendel

novella: a prose work longer than the standard short story, but shorter and less complex than a full-length novel example: Heart of Darkness

oral tradition: the transmission of material by word of mouth and memory; materials such as the folk epic, the ballad, folklore, proverbs, and many songs that originated among illiterate, semiliterate, or preliterate people were presented aloud to their audiences and transmitted by memory rather than in writing example: Beowulf

parable: a short, descriptive story that illustrates a particular belief or moral example: The Prodigal Son

parody: a form of literature intended to mock a particular literary work or its style; a comic effect is intended example: Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead

persuasion: one of the major types of composition whose purpose is to convince others of the wisdom of a certain line of action

poetry: an imaginative response to experience reflecting a keen awareness of language; there are many elements used in writing effective poetry example: "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

prose: the term is applied to all forms of written or spoken expression not having a regular rhythmic pattern

satire: a literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness, often with the intent of correcting, or changing, the subject of the satiric attack example: A Modest Proposal

science fiction: a form of fantasy in which scientific facts, assumptions, or hypotheses form the basis, by logical extrapolation, of adventures in the future, on other planets, in other dimensions in time or space, or under new variants of scientific law example: 2001: a Space Odyssey

short story: a brief fictional work; it usually contains one major conflict and at least one main conflict example: The Most Dangerous Game

tragedy: a literary work in which the hero is destroyed by some character flaw and by forces beyond his or her control example: Othello

Fiction and Nonfiction

*** for more information, consult your textbook on pages 4-5

Narrative is a term which applies to both fiction (not a true story) and nonfiction (true story). The term, itself, means "story."

Setting refers to the time and place of the action.

Characterization occurs in four ways:

• what a character says about himself / herself
• what a character does
• what other characters say about a character
• what a narrator says about a character

Plot refers to the course of action for a narrative (see diagram below)

Dialogue is the conversation between or among characters

Point of view concerns the perspective from which a story is told, usually in one of the following forms:

• 1st person (one of the characters directly involved in the action tells the story)
• 3rd person limited (a narrator with limited knowledge tells the story)
• 3rd person omniscient (a narrator with unlimited knowledge of all characters tells the story)

Theme refers to the underlying meaning or insight for a narrative

Types of fiction:

• novels (To Kill a Mockingbird)
• novellas ("The Metamorphosis")
• short stories ("The Monkey's Paw")

Writers of nonfiction present information for one of three reasons:

• persuasion
• information
• entertainment

When reading nonfiction, students should:

• recognize whether the information is organized in order of importance, chronological order (the order in which they occurred), or spatial order (how the topics relate to one another)
• identify the author's purpose
• distinguish between facts and opinions
• evaluate whether the author adequately supports his/her argument

The tone of a piece refers to the author's attitude toward a subject and/or its readers

The perspective of a piece refers to the author's point of view on the subject, including any opinions in the piece

Daily Agenda 8/16

Today's Agenda ~

* Begin class in "secondary seating chart"
* Finish literary devices in songs from yesterday with partners [15 minutes max]
* Turn in song sheets with both partner names in basket in the back (white for 6th period, pink for 7th period)
* Get "Reader's Companion" and tear out the following pages: 37-40, 149-150, 57-66, 145-148. KEEP this workbook IN YOUR LOCKER until December. Place the torn-outs pages in the "handouts" section of your binder.
* Return to the "regular seating chart"
* Read "Style" by Maya Angelou / answer questions (individually) [15 minutes] / discuss (as a class) [5-10 minutes]
* Announcements: bring your literature book TOMORROW, Friday, 8/17
* Read "Some Like Poetry" (handout, or page 947 in literature textbook) ; discuss and connect to literary devices
* HOMEWORK: Finish "Style" by Maya Angelou and write 2 more things on "Some Like Poetry" -- turn in at the beginning of the period Friday, 8/17

* Standards met today: 10.1.2, 10.2.4, 10.3.7, 10.6.3,